# HDU 6440 Dream

• 2018-08-27
• 45
• 0

## Description:

Freshmen frequently make an error in computing the power of a sum of real numbers, which usually origins from an incorrect equation (m+n)^p=m^p+n^p, where m,n,p are real numbers. Let’s call it “Beginner’s Dream”.

For instance, (1+4)^2=5^2=2^5, but 1^2+4^2=17≠25. Moreover, \sqrt{9+16}=\sqrt{25}=5, which does not equal 3+4=7.

Fortunately, in some cases when p is a prime, the identity

(m+n)^{p}=m^{p}+n^{p}

holds true for every pair of non-negative integers m,n which are less than p, with appropriate definitions of addition and multiplication. You are required to redefine the rules of addition and multiplication so as to make the beginner’s dream realized. Specifically, you need to create your custom addition and multiplication, so that when making calculation with your rules the equation (m+n)^p=m^p+n^p is a valid identity for all non-negative integers m,n less than p. Power is defined as

Obviously there exists an extremely simple solution that makes all operation just produce zero. So an extra constraint should be satisfied that there exists an integer q(0<q<p) to make the set {q^k|0<k<p,k∈Z} equal to {k|0<k<p,k∈Z}. What’s more, the set of non-negative integers less than p ought to be closed under the operation of your definitions.

## Input:

The first line of the input contains an positive integer T(T≤30) indicating the number of test cases. For every case, there is only one line contains an integer p(p<210), described in the problem description above. p is guranteed to be a prime.

## Output:

For each test case, you should print 2p lines of p integers. The j-th(1≤j≤p) integer of i-th(1≤i≤p) line denotes the value of (i−1)+(j−1). The j-th(1≤j≤p) integer of (p+i)-th(1≤i≤p) line denotes the value of (i−1)⋅(j−1).

1
2

0 1
1 0
0 0
0 1

## Hint:

Hint for sample input and output: From the table we get 0+1=1, and thus (0+1)^2=1^2=1⋅1=1. On the other hand, 0^2=0⋅0=0, 1^2=1⋅1=1, 0^2+1^2=0+1=1. They are the same.

### 题目链接

(m+n)^p≡(m+n)(mod p)

m^p≡m(mod p)

n^p≡n(mod p)

(m+n)(mod p)≡m(mod p)+n(mod p)